Many people of color in the United States have experienced some form of racism, whether it be institutional, structural, internalized, or interpersonal. However, another form of racism that many people experience but may by overlooked continues to threaten communities of color today: environmental racism. 

Environmental Racism: What is it?

Environmental racism is a form of institutional racism that occurs when people of color and low-income communities are disproportionately and even intentionally exposed to environmental hazards and resulting health risks. This happens, for example, when air-polluting energy plants, landfills, toxic waste disposal sites, and other high-risk facilities are built or moved near minority and low-income communities. Community members then suffer lifelong and catastrophic health consequences such as respiratory problems and cancer because of their exposure to pollutants.

Where is there environmental racism today?

Flint, Michigan

The predominantly Black community in Flint, Michigan, was exposed to harmful water contaminated with lead when their water supply was switched from Lake Huron to the Flint River in order to cut costs. As a result, the untreated water from the Flint River corroded the city’s pipes, leading to the water being contaminated with lead and harmful bacteria. Initially, the community’s concerns were ignored, causing Flint residents to be exposed to dangerous living conditions. Many critics say that this would not have happened if the city’s demographic was predominantly white.

Chicago, Illinois

In Chicago, Illinois, city officials relocated General Iron’s metal shredding operation that was producing a high level of pollution from a wealthy, predominantly white neighborhood, to a low-income, predominantly Latino neighborhood. As a result, residents of Southside Chicago were exposed to toxic chemicals and particulate matter released into the air by General Iron, causing respiratory and cardiovascular damage to Southside residents.

Pahokee, Florida

In Pahokee, Florida, sugar cane farmers burnt down large portions of their land in order to clear out everything but the sugar cane, which released a massive amount of pollution into both the air and the water. As a result, the predominantly Black and Latino community in Pahokee suffered a large increase in respiratory disease, as well as a spike in immune disorders. In addition, the pollution of Lake Okeechobee resulted in degraded drinking water and a decrease in property values.

What can be done about environmental racism?

Environmental racism often occurs because industrial property is located near less expensive low-income communities where residents lack the political influence to push back against lax land use and zoning regulations.

Combating environmental racism requires legislators, policymakers and city officials to prioritize environmental laws and regulations that protect minority and low-income communities. In addition, community members must be empowered to fight back against environmental racism and hold their elected representatives accountable. Finally, the prosecution of corporations, manufacturers or other entities that create environmental risks and damages is an essential step toward preventing environmental racism.

As the impacts of climate change continue to intensify in the years ahead, marginalized communities must be included in local plans to bolster climate resiliency. Preparing schools and living and work environments for extreme heat or flood risks are examples of ways government officials can help ensure that at-risk communities do not disproportionately bear the brunt of the climate crisis.